?2019年大学英语四级考试阅读理解模拟试题

　英语四级中最多的也就是阅读理解了，来看看我为你准备的2019年大学英语四级考试阅读理解模拟试题，希望能帮助到你，预祝你考试顺利。

2019年大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题：手语

　Sign has become a scientific hot button. only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language,complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.

　When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

　Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk”his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, wheneven deaf people dismissed their signing as“substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).

　It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.”

　练习题：

　Choose correct answers to the question:

　1. The study of sign language is thought to be ________.

　A. a new way to look at the learning of language

　B. a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language

　C. an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language

　D. an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language

　2. The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by _______.

　A. a famous scholar in the study of the human brain

　B. a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts

　C. an English teacher in a university for the deaf

　D. some senior experts in American Sign Language

　3. According to Stokoe, sign language is ________.

　A. a Substandard language

　B. a genuine language

　C. an artificial language

　D. an international language

　4. Most educators objected to Stokoe’s idea because they thought ________.

　A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people

　B. sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted

　C. a language should be easy to use and understand

　D. a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds

　5. Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that ________.

　A. sign language is as efficient as any other language

　B. sign language is derived from natural language

　C. language is a system of meaningful codes

　D. language is a product of the brain

　参考答案及解析

　1.[B] 从文章第3句“手语提供了一种新方法，用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言，并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言(连同语法)究竟是我们与生俱来的，还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释”可以看出，这是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战，即B 。A错在learning,文章并不是在讨论语言的学习，而是语言的产生和理解;C为简单原词干扰D;中的an attempt to clarify misunderstanding是对throw new light on an old scientific controversy的曲解，因为controversy不等于misunderstanding。另外，第1段最后一句中的rebel“反叛”一词也与B中的“挑战”一致。

　2.[C] 根据第1段最后一句可知，选C。题干中的was stimulated相当于原文中的has roots in。

　3.[B] 根据第3段第2—4句以及最后一段第3句，可知B为答案。前者提出猜想(Might deaf people actually have a genuine language?)，后者含有一个同位语 his idea that signed languages are natural languages。

　4.[D] 根据最后一段第4句，可知D正确。D中的only exist in the form of speech sounds是对原文中be based on speech的同义表达。

　5.[D] 根据文章最后一句，可知D正确。D中的a product of the brain是对原文中brain stuff的同义表达。B中的derived from错误，因为Stokoe认为sign language就是一种natural language。

2019年大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题：餐桌礼仪

　When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.

　But in many other homes, this china--and--silver elegance has given way to stoneware (粗陶)--and--stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual--Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.

　Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-onTrent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs--one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.

　Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend”toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.

　Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone causal. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates inthe family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes, Iron a fine-pattened tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?

　Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette(礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents(“Chew with your mouth closed.”“keep your elbows off the table.”)must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.

　练习题：

　Choose correct answers to the question:

　1.The trend toward casual dining has resulted in ______

　A. bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers

　B. Shrinking of the pottery industry

　C. restructuring of large enterprises

　D. Economic recession in Great Britain

　2.Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?

　A. Family members need more time to relax.

　B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.

　C. People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.

　D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation.

　3.It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _______

　A. a retailer of stainless steel tableware

　B. a dealer in stoneware

　C. a pottery chain store

　D. a producer of fine china

　4.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _______

　A. the increased value of the pound

　B. the economic recession in Asia

　C. the change in people’s way of life

　D. the fierce competition at home and abroad

　5.Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, _______

　A. are still a must on certain occasions

　B. are bound to return sooner or later

　C. are still being taught by parents at home

　D. Can help improve personal relationships

　参考答案及解析

　1.[B] 推理判断题。首先依据题目中的casual dining找到第2段中的informality。其后有两个for引导的介词短语，后一个说“对于英国精致瓷器的制造商来说，这(informality)意味着经济困难时期”;此外,第3段用数据具体指出陶瓷业裁员之严重，说明陶瓷业在萎缩，即B。A、D均属夸大事实，C与文章内容无关。

　2.[B] 事实细节题。根据倒数第2段第2句中指出现今休闲文化流行的背景：工作时间长，家庭生活节奏紧张,B中的 Busy schedules与文中的demanding family schedules对应，故为答案。

　3.[D] 事实细节题。Royal Doulton在文章中出现过两次：第3段说它裁员，因为人们用餐越来越随意(不再讲究餐具的精致);第 4 段中“A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company...”，暗示公司的性质，可以推断它是精制器皿的生产者。

　4.[C] 事实细节题。根据题目中的the layoffs找到文章第4段首句，其中的have their roots in相当于题目中的main cause is,shifts相当于C中的change。其实本题与第1题是交叉相关的，从第1题的题目可找到本题的答案。

　5.[A] 事实细节题。根据最后一段，特别是第2句“The fine points of etiquette... must be picked up elsewhere良好的餐桌礼仪必须在其他地方被重拾起来”，可知礼仪在某些场合还是必要的，故答案为A。

商务英语翻译模拟试题

英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案

　下面是我收集的关于英语四级的阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析，欢迎大家阅读练习!

　第一篇：

　Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, ?The business of America is business.? By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.

　Few would argue with Ford?s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much peoplein the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations arereported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as ?the entertainment industry? or ?show business.?

　The positive side of Henry Ford?s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.

　The negative side of Henry Ford?s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to meanbig business. And the term big business?referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing?the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high?creates feelings of insecurity for many.

　练习题：

　Choose correct answers to the question:

　1. The United States is a typical country ________.

　A. which encourages free trade at home and abroad

　B. where people?s chief concern is how to make money

　C. where all businesses are managed scientifically

　D. which normally works according to the federal budget

　2. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ________.

　A. most newspapers are run by big businesses

　B. even public organizations concentrate on working for profits

　C. Americans of all professions know how to do business

　D. even arts and entertainment are regarded as business

　3. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ________.

　A. they can start profitable businesses there

　B.they can be more competitive in business

　C. they will make a fortune overnight there

　D. they will find better chances of employment

　4. Henry Ford?s statement can be taken negatively because ________.

　A. working people are discouraged to fight for their fights

　B. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists

　C. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor

　D. public services are not run by the federal government

　5. A company?s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ________.

　A. reduction in the number of employees

　B. improvement of working conditions

　C. fewer disputes between labor and management

　D. a rise in workers?wages

　第二篇：

　It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don?t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth?s story:

　I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices.I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.

　It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but ?nice? isn?t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you?ll probablyhave to ask for it.

　Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are beingmade, you are more likely to get the raise you want.

　Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?

　Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.

　练习题：

　Choose correct answers to the question:

　1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.

　A. demonstrate his capability

　B. give his boss a good impression

　C. ask for as much money as he can

　D. ask for the salary he hopes to get

　2. What can be inferred from Beth?s story?

　A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.

　B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.

　C. People should not be content with what they have got.

　D. People should be careful when negotiating for a job.

　3. We can learn from the passage that ________.

　A. unfairness exists in salary increases

　B. most people are overworked and underpaid

　C. one should avoid overstating one?s performance

　D. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises

　4. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.

　A. advertise himself on the job market

　B. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract

　C) try to get inside information about the organization

　D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions

　5. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.

　A. meet his boss at the appropriate time

　B. arrive at the negotiation table punctually

　C. be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction

　D. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes

　>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

　第一篇：

　1.[B] 推理判断题。根据第2段第2句?随便翻下一家日报就可美国人有多么重视商业?可推断出B符合题意。

　2.[D] 事实细节题。第2段大量列举了 business的影响的例子，特别是根据最后一句?艺术和娱乐界就常被称为?娱乐业?或?展览业 可知D正确，而A、B、C均与原文信息不符。

　3.[D] 事实细节题。第3段第2句谈到?如此多的人从世界各地来美国生活，其最重要的原因之一就是梦想找到一份更好的工作?，故选D。

　4.[C] 推理判断题。本文第4段是在讲Henry Ford的.言论的消极面，根据该段中的the biggest companies... in opposition to labor可看出C与之相符，故选C。

　5.[A] 事实细节题。根据文章的最后一句，可知downsizing?the laying off of thousands of workers正是一些公司节约成本提高利润的手段，A为原文该句的同义改写，故选A。

　第二篇：

　1.[D] 推理判断题。根据文章第1句。开头立论：?It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement在进入公司以前就谈妥你的最初工资要求要更容易些?。因此，在接受一份工作前应该先提出期望薪金要求，即D。注意C中as much?as he can意思太绝对，不妥。

　2.[B] 推理判断题。Beth的故事是为了证明第1段提出的观点，主要依据第2段第1句，第3段最后一句再次印证。核心词为ask for。

　3.[A] 推理判断题。从Beth的故事中不难总结出：如果你要求加薪或提升，你可能就会得到满足;你如果不要求，老板就可能不予考虑。因此在salary increase中含有很大的主观因素，故而unfair。直接依据为第3段第1句。

　4.[D] 事实细节题。根据倒数第3段，performance?工作表现?，timing?抓住时机?和information?利用信息?是加薪的三大筹码。D与其中对timing的阐述一致。

　5.[C] 事实细节题。最后一段指出，带着准备好的筹码去跟老板商谈加薪，并在合适的时候拿出来,而且要运用一定的交际手段引导谈判的发展方向，即C。注意其中place your chips on the table at the appropriate time ?在适当的时候拿出筹码?不等于A中的meet his boss at the appropriate time。

;

商务英语翻译模拟试题

　翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上，把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。以下是我整理的关于商务英语翻译模拟试题，希望大家认真阅读!

　1. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。(10分)

　(1) to conclude

　A. to give one’s place to each B. to end or judge after some consideration

　C. to explain D. to contain

　(2) to enforce

　A. to break or act against a law B. to cause a law or rule to be obeyed

　C. to prevent movement from happening

　D. to direct something into a particular place

　(3) to appoint

　A. to take back property B. to meet someone’s needs

　C. to choose someone officially for a job D. to claim for something

　(4) to approve

　A. to abide by B. to comply with

　C. to have a positive opinion D. to come up with

　(5) obviate

　A. to violate B. to remove a difficulty, to avoid

　C. to allow sb to do D. to be apparent

　(6) to violate

　A. to break or act against a law, principle

　B. to beat or threaten someone

　C. to obey a law D. to cause a rule to be obeyed.

　(7) with respect to

　A. comply with B. in relation to

　C. conform to D. coincide with

　(8) to entertain a client

　A. to cater for B. to treat sb. at the table

　C. to launch a product D. to shorten a vacation

　(9) temptation

　A. trying to attract people

　B. to encourage the popularity, sales and development

　C. to allow the value of money to vary

　D. to judge or decide the amount

　(10) advance

　A. to support by giving money

　B. to go or move sth. forward, to develop or improve

　C. to improve or increase D. to produce or provide

　2. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有汉语词或词组来进行解释，请将正确项选出，要求英汉转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。 (10分)

　(1) to deal with (complaints)

　A. 处理日常事务 B. 论述某项事情

　C. 处理顾客投诉 D.与某人做买卖

　(2) to come into being

　A. 开始变化 B. 形成，成立

　C. 发生质变 D. 进入

　(3) brand loyalty

　A. 对企业的信誉 B. 对条款的.信誉

　C. 对商标的信誉 D. 对产品的信誉

　(4) market tone

　A. 市场预期 B. 市场行情

　C. 市场波动 D. 市场供求

　(5) for file

　A. 赔偿 B. 供参考

　C. 供查找 D.存档

　(6) compensation

　A. 安慰，宽慰 B. 补偿，赔偿

　C. 理解，体谅 D. 协调，一致

　(7) at one’s own expense

　A.花费…钱 B. 以…代价

　C. 费用自理 D. 以昂贵的价格购买

　(8) aggregate

　A. 聚集 B. 使……加重

　C 赞同 D 欣赏

　(9) marketability

　A. 市场营销 B. 市场销售能力

　C. 市场准入 D. 市场性

　(10) in return

　A. 作为回报 B. 返回

　C. 以…的代价 D. 货币回笼

　1.完形填空题(10空，每空1.5分)

　Offer

　Validity time of offer

　An offer becomes __1___ when it reaches the offeree (CISG Art.15 ). On this point, the laws in all states share the same view, for an offer is an indication of seller’s __2___, and the offeree can only decide whether to accept it or not when he receives it. Therefore, if one party expects or somehow learns that someone is sending him an offer before he really receives it, he sends an “acceptance” to the offeror, in this case. No contract is formed even if the content of the “acceptance” __3___with the offer he receives later. The “acceptance” is in fact an offer, and therefore, no contract can be formed on this unless the other party __4___ the “acceptance”.

　Withdrawal of offer

　The ___5___ of offer means that the offeror, for some reason, withdraws his offer before it reaches the offeree or before it becomes effective. This may happen when the offeror finds that the offer he makes contains some mistake, or that the situation has changed which makes his offer ___6___ to him. The common practice is to make use of a faster means of communication to send the message of withdrawal so that it can reach the offeree earlier than the offer does.

　Revocation of offer

　To revoke an offer means that when the offer has reached the offeree, and it has become effective, the offeror acts to revoke the offer thus to kill its effectiveness. The issue of whether an effective offer may be revoked _7___ hot debates among scholars from different law systems. The civil law system __8__ that an offer is __9___ within the validity time, or during the time in expectation of a reply, while the common law system provides that an offer may be revoked at any time unless it is accepted. The Convention makes some mediation between the two legal systems of the world which agrees in principle that an offer is revocable before the note of acceptance is dispatched but provides that on the following two occasions, an offer is irrevocable.

　1) It indicates, whether by starting a fixed or otherwise, that it is irrevocable.

　2) If it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in __10___ on the offer.

　1. A. objective B. meaningful C. effective D. helpful

　2. A. proposal B. tone C. case D. term

　3. A. differs B. coincides C. deals D. copes

　4. A. refuses B. dispatches C. confirms D. receives

　5. A. withdrawal B. lose C. validity D. mediation

　6. A. good B. unfavorable C. well D. worst

　7. A. raises B. arouses C. rises D. puts

　8. A. provides B. writes C. names D. relies

　9. A. revocable B. irrevocable C. relevant D. irrelevant

　10. A. rely B. depend C. dependence D. reliance

　2.语境意义题：

　文中有五处缺少内容，请从文后的选项中选出合适的选项，填回到原文中相应的位置 (5空，每空3分)

　Many of today's banking services were first practiced in ancient Lydia, Phoenicia, China, and Greece, where trade and commerce flourished. The temples in Babylonia made loans from their treasuries as early as 2000 B.C.. The temples of ancient Greece served as safe-deposit vaults for the valuables of worshipers. The Greeks also coined money and developed a system of credit. The Roman Empire had a highly developed banking system, and its bankers accepted deposits of money, made loans, and pur- chased mortgages. Shortly after the fall of Rome in AD 476, banking declined in Europe.

　(1) _______________ The moneychangers of the Italian states developed facilities for exchanging local and foreign currency. Soon merchants demanded other services, such as lending money, and gradually bank ser- vices were expanded.

　The first bank to offer most of the basic banking functions known today was the Bank of Barcelona in Spain. Founded by merchants in 1401, this bank held deposits, exchanged currency, and carried out lending operations. It also is believed to have introduced the bank check. (2) _______________ These institutions laid the foundation for modern banks of deposit and transaction.

　For more than 300 years, banking on the European continent was in the hands of powerful statesmen and wealthy private bankers, such as the Medici family in Florence and the Fuggers in Germany. (3) _______________

　The Bank of France was organized in 1800 by Napoleon. The hank had become the dominant financial institution in France by the mid-1800s. In Germany, banking experienced a rapid development about the middle of the 19th century with the establishment of several strong stock-issuing, or publicly owned banks.

　Banking in the British Isles originated with the London goldsmiths of the 16th century. These men made loans and held valuables for safekeeping. By the 17th century English goldsmiths created the model for today's modern fractional reserve banking -- that is, the practice of keeping a fraction of depositors' money in reserve while ex- tending the remainder to borrowers in the form of loans. Customers deposited gold and silver with the goldsmiths for safekeeping and were given deposit receipts verifying their Ownership of the gold deposited with the goldsmith. These receipts could be used as money because they were backed by gold. But the goldsmiths soon discovered that they could take a chance and issue additional receipts against the gold to other people who needed to borrow money. (4) _______________ Hence , the amount of receipts or claims on the gold frequently exceeded the actual amount of the gold, and the idea that bankers could create money was born.

　(5) _______________ Other banks existed in the colonies prior to this, most notably the Bank of Pennsylvania, but these banks were chartered by individual states. In 1787 the Bank of North America changed to a Pennsylvania charter following controversy about the legality of a congressional charter. Other large banks were chartered in the early 1780s by the various states, primarily to is- sue paper money called bank notes. These notes supplemented the coins then in circulation and assisted greatly in business expansion. The banks were also permitted to accept deposits and to make loans.

　A. Three other early banks, each managed by a committee of city officials, were the Bank of Amsterdam (1609), the Bank of Venice (1587), and the Bank of Hamburg (1619).

　B. This worked as long as the original depositors did not withdraw all their gold at one time.

　C. The increase of trade in 13th-century Italy prompted the revival of banking.

　D. During the 19th century, members of the Rothschild family became the most influential bankers in all Europe and probably in the world. This international banking family was founded by German financier Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1743 ~1812), but it soon spread to all the major European financial capitals.

　E. Because there were no minimum reserve requirements on deposits, bank notes were secured by the assets of the issuing banks. Most assets took the form of business loans.

　F. The first important bank in the United States was the Bank of North America, established in 1781 by the Second Continental Congress. It was the first bank chartered by the U.S. government.

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