Three decades of war have ravaged Nuristan
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Three decades of war have ravaged Nuristan province, and the continued violence and political instability make the black-market trade of scent glands uncontrollable. Furthermore, the species is quickly losing suitable habitat. All of the musk deer were spotted on sheltered rocky outcrops around 9,843 feet (3,000 meters) high. In the summer, they regularly trek (跋涉) along steep slopes that make them almost impossible to approach and keep them relatively safe from hunters. However, heavy snowfall in the winter drives the species farther down, to more human-accessible slopes, and hunters come from all over the country to track the deer for their valuable scent glands.
Due to violence and unrest, nongovernmental organizations like the Wildlife Conservation Society have not been able to operate in the Nuristan province since 2010. The WCS maintains contact with locals they have trained to survey and search for the musk deer. once the situation in Nuristan improves, the WCS intends to return to the area to continue research and to formulate a conservation?plan.
英语报纸第四期
Test Yourself
答案
1-5
ABACA
6-10
AAACB
11-15
BACCB
16-20
CBACB
21-25
ABACB
26-30
DCBDB
31-35
BCADA
36-40
CACBD
41-45 ABBBA
46-50 ADCBD
51-55 ADACB
56.
in
publikc
57.
has
changed
a
lot
58.
didn
’
t
use
to
shop
59.
thought about giving up
60. take pride in/ proud of
61. bought
62.Though
63. Soon
64. night
65. ihd
66. none
67.
decision
68. worse
69.bored
70. friendly
71.
No,
she
isn
’
t
72.
excited
73.
a
final
decision
about
which
course to study next year
74. she is 30
75. future plans
76. I haven
’
t seen you for a long time.
77. Thank you.
78. How do you make it?
79. Do you often read in your free time?
80. Good luck.
81. Because you used to be fat/heavy.
82. How
’
s your school life?
83. Yes, I did.
84. Do you often play it now?
85. Because I
’
m very busy now.
Some
methods
are
useful
to
some
people
sometimes
in
some
places;
no
method is useful to all people all times
in all
places.”
~Wang Zuoliang
1. What is language communicative competence?
Hymes defined language communicative competence as
“
knowledge of the rules for
understanding and producing both the referential and social meaning of language.
”
2. What are the four aspects of communicative competence?
According to Hymes (1979), communicative competence includes four aspects:
knowing
whether
or
not
something
is
formally
possible
(grammaticality:
grammatically acceptable);
knowing
whether
something
is
understandable
to
human
beings
(feasibility);
knowing whether something is in line with social norms (appropriateness in
a social context);
knowing
whether
or
not
something
is
in
fact
done
(what
the
language
performance entails).
3.
What
are
the
principles
for
communicative
language
teaching?
Principle 1: Use Tasks as an Organizational Principle
Principle 2: Promote Learning by Doing
Principle 3: Input Needs to Be Rich
Principle 4: Input Needs to Be Meaningful, Comprehensible, and Elaborated
Principle 5: Promote Cooperative and Collaborative Learning
Principle 6: Focus on Form
Principle 7: Provide Error Corrective Feedback
Principle 8: Recognize and Respect Affective Factors of Learning
Doughty and Long (2003)
4. What is the task-based language teaching approach?
The
task-based
approach
aims
at
providing
opportunities
for
the
learners
to
experiment
with
and
explore
both
spoken
and
written
language
through
learning
activities
which
are
designed
to
engage
learners
in
the
authentic,
practical
and
functional use of language for meaningful purposes.
5. What are the characteristics of TBLT?
(1)
An
emphasis
on
learning
to
communicate
through
interaction
in
the
target
language.
(2) The introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation.
Communicative Principles and TBLT
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