七年级英语下册第七单元知识点

七年级英语下册语法总结

一、一般现在时

1. 构成：主语+动词+其他

2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。 3. 否定句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not

e.g. I can’t play football.

2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形 e.g. I don’t like football. She doesn’t like football.

4. 疑问句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等将其提前

e.g. Can you swim?

2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。 e.g. Does she like football?

5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 e.g When does she usually get up in the morning? 二、现在进行时

1. 构成：主语+be+doing+其他 2. 动词→动词-ing变化规律：

1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working

2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking

3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping 4）特殊变化, lie—lying

3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, it’s…o’clock… 4. 否定句：be动词后加not

e.g. She is not listening to music. 5. 疑问句：将be动词提前

e.g . Is she listening to music?

6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 e.g What is she doing now? 三、将来时

1. 构成：主语+be going to+动词原形 主语＋will＋动词原形

2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间 3. 否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not

e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前

e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?

5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What are you going to do tomorrow? What will you do tomorrow? 四、过去时

1. 构成：主语+动词过去时+其他

2. 标志词：yesterday, just now, …ago, this morning, when I was young,last…等 3. 动词→动词过去式变化规律：

1）一般动词结尾加-ed, e.g. Walk--walked 2）以字母e结尾的动词加- d, e.g. Live--lived

3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, e.g. Hurry—hurried

4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop –stopped 特殊变化详见课本P172

4. 否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not

e.g. I was not in Chengdu last year.

2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形

5．There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won’t

there?

★ 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了―never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody‖等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 ① You have never been to Beijing, have you? ② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? ③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? ④ He could do nothing, could he? 练习：

完成下列反意疑问句：

1. Mary listened to pop music,______ ______? 2. He has never been to Shanghai_____ _____? 3.He has few friends at school,______ _______? 4.The music sounds beautiful,_______ _______? 5.You can’t dance to jazz,______ _____? 6.They weren’t at the concert,______ _______? 7.Let’s stop writing,_______ _______? 8.Don’t be late,_______ ________? 五、动词不定式

动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：

1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。

2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。 （一）、动词不定式作主语

( ) 1. It's hard for us ______English well.

A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning

( )2. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for

C. to， for D. of， to

［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名词短语(for sb)to do sth.

句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 （二）、动词不定式作宾语 ( )1. He wants ______ some vegetables.

A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys

( )2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.

A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( )3. He found it very difficult ______.

A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep

［简析］在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。

（三）、动词不定式作宾语补足语

( )1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.

A. help him B. to help him with

B. C. to help with D. helps him with

( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.

A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked

［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。

（四）、动词不定式作状语 ( )1. She went ______ her teacher.

A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing

( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.

A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns

［简析］go， come， try， do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。 ( )3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )4. I'm sorry ______ you.

A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled

( )5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.

A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets

［简析］＂be +形容词+ to do sth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。 （五）、动词不定式作定语 ( )1. Would you like something ______? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )2. I have a lot of homework ______. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man ______. A. get on B. to get on

C. get on with D. to get on with

［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。 （六）、不带to的动词不定式 ( )1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered

( )2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel

( )3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better______.

A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up

［简析］1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.

2.在＂had better＂后面接不带to的不定式。 （七）、动词不定式的否定形式

( )1. The old man told the child ______ noisy.

A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not

( )2. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late. A. have， not to be B. have， not be

C. be， not to be D. be， not be

［简析］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.

（八）、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别 ( )1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has

( )2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?

——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took ( )3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we?

——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.

A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write

4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk). 六、双宾语用法要点

此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如， He brings me cookies every day.

She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有：

（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, return, send, show, teach,等。

（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, get, make, sing,等