自然堂的广告词：你本来就很美用英文怎么说？

You

are

already

beautiful

我觉得本来可以是一直，你一直就很美，不是生来就美的意思。因为自然堂毕竟是个化妆品的广告，它的意思是你用了自然堂一直就很美了，是不是这个意思？

市场营销 英文版论文 20000英文字符

online advertising

online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads on search engine results pages, banner ads, Rich Media Ads, Social network advertising, online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam.

Competitive advantage over traditional advertising

One major benefit of online advertising is the immediate publishing of information and content that is not limited by geography or time. To that end, the emerging area of interactive advertising presents fresh challenges for advertisers who have hitherto adopted an interruptive strategy.

Another benefit is the efficiency of advertiser's investment. online advertising allows for the customization of advertisements, including content and posted websites. For example, AdWords and AdSense enable ads shown on relevant webpages or aside of search results of pre-chosen keywords. Another is the payment method. Whatever purchasing variation is selected, the payment is usually relative with audiences' response.

Purchasing variations

The three most common ways in which online advertising is purchased are CPM, CPC, and CPA.

CPM (Cost Per Impression) is where advertisers pay for exposure of their message to a specific audience. CPM costs are priced per thousand impressions, or loads of an advertisement. However, some impressions may not be counted, such as a reload or internal user action. The M in the acronym is the Roman numeral for one thousand.

CPV (Cost Per Visitor) or (Cost per View in the case of Pop Ups and Unders) is where advertisers pay for the delivery of a Targeted Visitor to the advertisers website.

CPC (Cost Per Click) is also known as Pay per click (PPC). Advertisers pay each time a user clicks on their listing and is redirected to their website. They do not actually pay for the listing, but only when the listing is clicked on. This system allows advertising specialists to refine searches and gain information about their market. Under the Pay per click pricing system, advertisers pay for the right to be listed under a series of target rich words that direct relevant traffic to their website, and pay only when someone clicks on their listing which links directly to their website. CPC differs from CPV in that each click is paid for regardless of whether the user makes it to the target site.

CPA (Cost Per Action) or (Cost Per Acquisition) advertising is performance based and is common in the affiliate marketing sector of the business. In this payment scheme, the publisher takes all the risk of running the ad, and the advertiser pays only for the amount of users who complete a transaction, such as a purchase or sign-up. This is the best type of rate to pay for banner advertisements and the worst type of rate to charge. Similarly, CPL (Cost Per Lead) advertising is identical to CPA advertising and is based on the user completing a form, registering for a newsletter or some other action that the merchant feels will lead to a sale. Also common, CPO (Cost Per Order) advertising is based on each time an order is transacted.

Cost per conversion Describes the cost of acquiring a customer, typically calculated by dividing the total cost of an ad campaign by the number of conversions. The definition of "Conversion" varies depending on the situation: it is sometimes considered to be a lead, a sale, or a purchase.

CPE (Cost Per Engagement) is a form of Cost Per Action pricing first introduced in March 2008. Differing from cost-per-impression or cost-per-click models, a CPE model means advertising impressions are free and advertisers pay only when a user engages with their specific ad unit. Engagement is defined as a user interacting with an ad in any number of ways.[1]

Though, as seen above, the large majority of online advertising has a cost that is brought about by usage or interaction of an ad, there are a few other methods of advertising online that only require a one time payment. The Million Dollar Homepage is a very successful example of this. Visitors were able to pay $1 per pixel of advertising space and their advert would remain on the homepage for as long as the website exists with no extra costs.

Floating ad: An ad which moves across the user's screen or floats above the content.

Expanding ad: An ad which changes size and which may alter the contents of the webpage.

Polite ad: A method by which a large ad will be downloaded in smaller pieces to minimize the disruption of the content being viewed

Wallpaper ad: An ad which changes the background of the page being viewed.

Trick banner: A banner ad that looks like a dialog box with buttons. It simulates an error message or an alert.

Pop-up: A new window which opens in front of the current one, displaying an advertisement, or entire webpage.

Pop-under: Similar to a Pop-Up except that the window is loaded or sent behind the current window so that the user does not see it until they close one or more active windows.

Video ad: similar to a banner ad, except that instead of a static or animated image, actual moving video clips are displayed.

Map ad: text or graphics linked from, and appearing in or over, a location on an electronic map such as on Google Maps.

Mobile ad: an SMS text or multi-media message sent to a cell phone.

In addition, ads containing streaming video or streaming audio are becoming very popular with advertisers.

E-mail advertising

Legitimate Email advertising or E-mail marketing is often known as "opt-in e-mail advertising" to distinguish it from spam.

Affiliate marketing

Main article: Affiliate marketing

Affiliate marketing is a form of online advertising where advertisers place campaigns with a potentially large number of small (and large) publishers, whom are only paid media fees when traffic to the advertiser is garnered, and usually upon a specific measurable campaign result (a form, a sale, a sign-up, etc). Today, this is usually accomplished through contracting with an affiliate network.

Affiliate marketing was an invention by CDNow.com in 1994 and was excelled by Amazon.com when it launched its Affiliate Program, called Associate Program in 1996. The online retailer used its program to generate low cost brand exposure and provided at the same time small websites a way to earn some supplemental income.

Contextual advertising

Many advertising networks display graphical or text-only ads that correspond to the keywords of an Internet search or to the content of the page on which the ad is shown. These ads are believed to have a greater chance of attracting a user, because they tend to share a similar context as the user's search query. For example, a search query for "flowers" might return an advertisement for a florist's website.

Another newer technique is embedding keyword hyperlinks in an article which are sponsored by an advertiser. When a user follows the link, they are sent to a sponsor's website.

Behavioral targeting

In addition to contextual targeting, online advertising can be targeted based on a user's past clickstream. For example, if a user is known to have recently visited a number of automotive shopping / comparison sites based on clickstream analysis enabled by cookies stored on the user's computer, that user can then be served auto-related ads when they visit other, non-automotive sites.

Ads and malware

There is also class of advertising methods which may be considered unethical and perhaps even illegal. These include external applications which alter system settings (such as a browser's home page), spawn pop-ups, and insert advertisements into non-affiliated webpages. Such applications are usually labeled as spyware or adware. They may mask their questionable activities by performing a simple service, such as displaying the weather or providing a search bar. Some programs are effectively trojans. These applications are commonly designed so as to be difficult to remove or uninstall. The ever-increasing audience of online users, many of whom are not computer-savvy, frequently lack the knowledge and technical ability to protect themselves from these programs.

Ad server market structure

Given below is a list of top ad server vendors in 2008 with figures in millions of viewers published in a Attributor survey.

Vendor Ad viewers

Google 1,118

DoubleClick 1,079

Yahoo 362

MSN 309

AOL 156

Adbrite 73

Total 3,087

It should be noted that Google acquired DoubleClick in 2007 for a consideration of $3,100 million. The above survey was based on a sample of 68 million domains.

网络广告

维基百科，自由的百科全书

跳转到: 导航, 搜索

狭义的网络广告又被称为在线广告或者互联网广告；而广义的网络广告除了包括以计算机为核心组成的计算机网络为媒介的广告行为外，还包括其他所有以电子设备相互连接而组成的网络为媒介的广告行为，例如以无线电话网络，电子信息亭网络为载体的广告行为。在一般未做特殊说明的情况下，现在各资料所谈论的网络广告全指狭义网络广告。

狭义网络广告与传统广告有很多类似的地方，也分为很多不同广告形式，拥有多种计费方式。

常见的广告形式包括：

横幅式广告（banner）

通栏式广告

弹出式广告（pop-up ads）

按钮式广告（button）

插播式广告（interstitial ads）

电子邮件广告（E-DirectMarketing,EDM）

赞助式广告（sponsorship）

分类广告（classified ads）

互动游戏式广告（interactive game）

软件端广告

文字链接广告（text ads）

浮动形广告（floting ads）

联播网广告

关键字广告

比对内容广告

常见的记费方式包括：

按照千人印象成本（CPM）收费。

按照每点击成本（CPC）收费。

按照每行动成本（CPA）收费。

按照每回应成本（CPR）收费。

按照每购买成本（CPP）收费。

这些都是国际流行的收费模式。在中国和一些网络广告的发展中国家，则时常会采用以时间来购买的模式，如按每日投放成本收费，按每周投放成本收费等。

对网络广告的研究显示，50%的网络广告点击是由6%的用户产生的。而且这个点击群体是一个缺乏购买力的群体，也很少进行网络购物[1]。

市场营销 Marketing

市场营销（Marketing）又称为 市场学、市场行销或行销学。简称“营销”，台湾常称作“行销”，是指个人或集体通过交易其创造的产品或价值以获得所需之物实现双赢或多赢的过程。

权威定义

美国市场营销协会下的定义是：

行销是创造、沟通与传送价值给顾客，及经营顾客关系以便让组织与其利益关系人受益的一种组织功能与程序

菲利普·科特勒下的定义强调了营销的价值导向：

市场营销是个人和集体通过创造，提供出售，并同别人交换和价值，以获得其所需所欲之物的一种社会和管理过程。

而格隆罗斯给的定义强调了营销的目的：

营销是在一种利益之上下，通过相互交换和承诺，建立、维持、巩固与消费者及其他参与者的关系，实现各方的目的)。

[编辑] 新式定义

台湾的江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞中强调行销的变动性，利用行销的英文 Marketing 作了下面的定义

「什麼是行销？」就字面上来说，「行销」的英文是「Marketing」，若把 Marketing 这个字拆成 Market（市场）与 ing（英文的现在进行式表示方法）这两个部分，那行销可以用「市场的现在进行式」来表达产品、价格、促销、通路的变动性导致供需双方的微妙关系。

＜你的行销行不行＞ISBN: 978-986-82609-5-5，理财文化, 2007.08 出版

[编辑] 市场营销理论发展的四个阶段

初创阶段(1900年—1920年)

功能研究阶段(1921年—1945年)

现代市场营销学形成和发展阶段(1945年—1980年)

营销扩展阶段(1980年以后)

[编辑] 市场与需求

市场营销学中的市场可以等同于需求，即研究消费者的现实需求和潜在需求。

美国市场营销协会(AMA)的定义委员会1960年对市场提出以下的定义：

“ 市场是指一种货物或劳务的潜在购买者的集合需求。 ”

菲利普·科特勒把市场定义为

“ 市场是指某种产品的所有实际的和潜在的购买者的集合。 ”

[编辑] 市场的类型

市场从不同角度，可以划分为不同的类型。其中按商品的基本属性可划分为一般商品市场和特殊商品市场。一般商品市场指狭义的商品市场，即货物市场，包括消费品市场和工业品市场；特殊商品市场指为满足消费者的资金需要和服务需要而形成的市场，包括资本市场，劳动力市场和技术信息市场。对以上两种市场作分析时一般要研究消费者市场，产业市场和政府市场。

市场营销环境分析常用的方法为SWOT分析方法，它是英文Strength(优势)、Weakness(劣势)、Opportunity(机会)、Threaten(威胁)的意思。从内部环境分析优劣势，从外部环境分析机会与威胁。

[编辑] 市场营销策略

营销组合的四个因素常称作4P，即：

产品（Product)

价格 (Price)

推广 (Promotion)

通路与配销 (Place&Distribution)

这四个因素应用到营销过程中，就形成了四方面的营销策略。加上政治POLITICS和公共关系PUBLIC，是为6P。

1981年布姆斯（Booms）和比特纳（Bitner）建议在传统市场营销理论4Ps的基础上增加三个“服务性的P”，即：人员(People)、流程(Process)、环境(或是或实体环境；Physical evidence)。

根据与市场竞争对手对抗的需要而制定富有竞争力的产品、价格、渠道和促销政策。这一时期诞生了著名的4P理论。当时还是大众媒体盛行的时代，依靠大众媒体促进销售，无差异化策略成为这一阶段的明显特征。

[编辑] 产品

产品策略主要研究新产品开发，产品生命周期，品牌策略等，是价格策略，促销策略和分销策略的基础。

[编辑] 价格

价格策略又称定价策略，主要研究产品的定价、调价等[[市场营销工具]

[编辑] 推广

推广是将组织与产品讯息传播给目标市场的活动，它主要的焦点在於沟通。透过推广，企业试图让消费者知晓、了解、喜爱或购买产品，进而影响产品的知名度、形象、销售量，乃至於企业的生长与生存。有了推广，消费者才可得知产品提供何种利益、价格多少、可以到什麼地方购买及如何购买等，而这些消费者反应会进一步协助推动其他行销组合(产品、价格、通路)。

[编辑] 通路

又称渠道策略，也称为促销。它代表企业（机构）在将自身产品送抵最终消费者之前，所制定的与各类分销商之间的贸易关系、成本分摊和利益分配方式的综合体系。这里的分销商既包含批发商，也包含零售商，甚至包含物流配送商和直销公司的直销人员。

企业制定分销政策的目的是：让产品更顺畅地到达顾客手中，既要保证分销成本低廉，又要保证顾客对送货期、送货量、装配服务、疑难咨询等方面的要求。

在产品日益丰富的情况下，分销政策可能变得越来越难制定，因为相对于产品和品牌的过量，分销商则显得稀少，因而后者拥有了大量讨价还价的权力，力图从制造商或上游企业那里获得更大的利益分成比例。

零售商在最近10年的表现尤其令人瞩目，它们不仅从事零售，也开始插手于产品的上游生产过程，并以自己的店铺名称或独创名称作为自己所产新品的品牌——即自有品牌（private brand/label），或叫店铺品牌（store brand/label）。这更深地威胁到了纯粹的制造企业的利润空间，当然也大大增加了后者制定分销策略的难度。

[编辑] 人员（People)

所有的人都直接或间接地被卷入某种服务的消费过程中，这是7P营销组合很重要的一个观点。知识工作者、白领雇员、管理人员以及部分消费者将额外的价值增加到了既有的社会总产品或服务的供给中，这部分价值往往非常显著。

[编辑] 流程（Process）

服务通过一定的程序、机制以及活动得以实现的过程（亦即消费者管理流程），是市场营销战略的一个关键要素。

[编辑] 环境（Physical Evidence）

包括服务供给得以顺利传送的服务环境，有形商品承载和表达服务的能力，当前消费者的无形消费体验，以及向潜在顾客传递消费满足感的能力。

[编辑] 4C

包括：

顾客（Customer）

成本（Cost）

沟通（Communication）

便利（convenience)。

加上机会Chance，市场变化Change为6C。

不销售制造的产品，而要将满足消费者需求的产品售出；不要依竞争者或者自我的盈利策略定价，而是要通过一系列测试手段了解消费者为满足需求愿付出的成本；不要以自身为出发点，想着网点怎么布置，采用什么样的通路策略，而要关注消费者购买产品的便利性；不是想着如何通过媒体传播来提升销量，而要和消费者互动沟通。

[编辑] 营销种类

[编辑] 整合营销

整合营销传播（Integrated Marketing Communications ）

[编辑] 数据库营销（DATAbase MARKETING）

[编辑] 网络营销（Internet Marketing）

网络营销是企业整体营销战略的一个组成部分，是为实现企业总体经营目标所进行的，以互联网为基本手段营造网上经营环境的各种活动。

网络营销的职能包括网站推广、网络品牌、信息发布、在线调研、顾客关系、顾客服务、销售渠道、销售促进八个方面。

Viral Marketing

[编辑] 标竿行销（Bench Marketing）

由江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞提出

以某个市场上已经存在的竞争者为比较基准的行销方式，例如普腾这家公司於十几年前提出一句很经典的「Sorry，Sony」到现在还是经常被产业与学术界拿来当作行销的案例，近年来Audi一直宣称他们的部分车种在欧洲市场无论在性能或销售上都令双B感觉到威胁，这样的行销方法就是希望让那些原本没有打算买Audi的亚洲买家去思考，为什麼欧洲的消费者愿意买的车在亚洲的我们却没有给予适当的评价。

当然要提出这样的行销方式势必要先对自己的产品有一定的信心，否则如果「如花」喊出「Sorry林志玲」认同的观众应该不会太多吧。

Viral Marketing

[编辑] 直效营销（DIRECT MARKETING）

根据kotler．keller行销管理学第12版中译本

直效行销（direct marketing）是在没有中间行销商的情况下，利用消费者直接（consumer direct,CD）通路来接触及传送货品和服务给客户。主要通路包括直接信函、型录、电话推销，电视购物、小的售票亭、网路和汽车广告。

直效行销是互动是行销系统，利用一种或多种媒体影响任何地区可衡量的回应或交易。特别是在电子行销中正快速成长。

[编辑] 关系营销（RELATIonSHIP MARKETING）

在很多情况下，公司并不能寻求即时的交易，所以他们会与长期供应商建立顾客关系。

公司想要展现给顾客的是卓越的服务能力，现在的顾客多是大型且全球性的。他们偏好可以提供不同地区配套产品

或服务的供应商，且可以快速解决各地的问题。

当顾客关系管理计画被执行时，组织就必须同时注重顾客和产品管理。同时，公司必须明白，虽然关系行销很重要，

但并不是在任何情况下都会有效的。因此，公司必须评估哪一个部门与哪一种特定的顾客采用关系行销最有利。

[编辑] 燎原式行销

由江亘松在＜你的行销行不行＞提出「燎原式行销」的重点在於，以自己强大的财力为基础，先采取竞争对手无法跟随并获利的低价策略，逼迫市场竞争者纷纷退出并且树立警告指标不让其他潜在业者轻易越矩，这样在下一个不怕死的竞争者出现之前，就可以创造一个无竞争者的独占市场。

[编辑] 绿色营销

[编辑] 社会营销

[编辑] 营销社团

[编辑] 市场调研

市场调研又称营销调研，指企业在市场营销决策过程中，需要系统客观收集和分析有关营销活动的信息所做的研究。营销调研活动涉及到产品，广告，促销渠道选择，竞争者等诸多方面。

[编辑] 营销理论的新发展

病毒式营销

关系营销

数据库营销

网络营销

国际营销

绿色营销

服务营销

过程营销

收益管理

Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) for products, services or ideas to create exchange between individuals and organizations.

Marketing tends to be seen as a creative industry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research.

Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a product or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy.

Therefore good marketing must be able to create a "proposition" or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through products or services.

Its specialist areas include:

advertising and branding

communications

database marketing

direct marketing

event organization

field marketing

global marketing

international marketing

internet marketing

industrial marketing

market research

public relations

retailing

search engine marketing

marketing strategy

marketing plan

strategic management

Experiential marketing

Social Influence Marketing

Contents [hide]

1 Introduction

2 Concept of Marketing

3 Two levels of marketing

4 Four Ps

4.1 Seven Ps

5 Four New Ps

6 Product

6.1 Scope

6.2 Steps in product design

7 Packaging

7.1 Requirements of good packaging

7.2 Forms of packaging

8 Trademarks

8.1 Significance of a trademark

9 Brands

10 Pricing

10.1 Objectives

10.2 Factors influencing price-determination

10.3 Steps to determine price

11 Distribution (Place)

11.1 Channels

11.2 Manufacturers

11.2.1 Reasons for direct selling methods

11.2.2 Reasons for indirect selling methods

11.3 Wholesalers

11.3.1 Reasons for using wholesalers

11.3.2 Reasons for bypassing wholesalers

11.3.3 Ways of bypassing wholesalers

11.4 Agents

12 Marketing communications

12.1 Advertising

12.1.1 Functions and advantages of successful advertising

12.1.2 Objectives

12.1.3 Requirements of a good advertisement

12.1.4 Eight steps in an advertising campaign

12.2 Personal sales

12.3 Sales promotion

12.4 Marketing Public Relations (MPR)

13 Customer focus

14 Product focus

15 See also

16 Related lists

17 References

[edit] Introduction

A market-focused, or customer-focused, organization first determines what its potential customers desire, and then builds the product or service. Marketing theory and practice is justified in the belief that customers use a product or service because they have a need, or because it provides a perceived benefit.

Two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers (acquisition) and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers (base management). once a marketer has converted the prospective buyer, base management marketing takes over. The process for base management shifts the marketer to building a relationship, nurturing the links, enhancing the benefits that sold the buyer in the first place, and improving the product/service continuously to protect the business from competitive encroachments.

For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers or Shoppers in the target market. Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is extremely expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on insights from marketing research, both formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are willing to pay for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this process. The offer is also an important addition to the 4P's theory.

Within most organizations, the activities encompassed by the marketing function are led by a Vice President or Director of Marketing. A growing number of organizations, especially large US companies, have a Chief Marketing Officer position, reporting to the Chief Executive Officer.

The American Marketing Association (AMA) states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders."[1]

Marketing methods are informed by many of the social sciences, particularly psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is also related to many of the creative arts. Marketing is a wide and heavily interconnected subject with extensive publications. It is also an area of activity infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.

[edit] Concept of Marketing

Marketing is an instructive business domain that serves to inform and educate target markets about the value and competitive advantage of a company and its products. “Value” is worth derived by the customer from owning and using the product. “Competitive Advantage” is a depiction that the company or its products are each doing something better than their competition in a way that could benefit the customer.

Marketing is focused on the task of conveying pertinent company and product related information to specific customers, and there are a multitude of decisions (strategies) to be made within the marketing domain regarding what information to deliver, how much information to deliver, to whom to deliver, how to deliver, to deliver, and where to deliver. once the decisions are made, there are numerous ways (tactics) and processes that could be employed in support of the selected strategies.

The goal of marketing is to build and maintain a preference for a company and its products within the target markets. The goal of any business is to build mutually profitable and sustainable relationships with its customers. While all business domains are responsible for accomplishing this goal, the marketing domain bears a significant share of the responsibility.

Within the larger scope of its definition, marketing is performed through the actions of three coordinated disciplines named: “Product Marketing”, “Corporate Marketing”, and “Marketing Communications”. [2]

[edit] Two levels of marketing

Strategic marketing: attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place. In particular, it aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors.

Operational marketing: executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations. Operational Marketing includes the determination of the porter's five forces

[

以上就是关于自然堂的广告词：你本来就很美用英文怎么说？全部的内容，如果了解更多相关内容，可以关注我们，你们的支持是我们更新的动力！