在复合句中作定语，修饰名词，代词或整个句子的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词，代词或整个句子称为先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句的词称为关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
1.
关系代词的用法
在关系代词引导的定语从句中，先行词往往是表示人或物的名词或代词，关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，定语等句子成分。常见的关系代词有that
，which
，who
，whom
，whose
，as
等。
①
who
的用法
who
在定语从句中做主语和宾语，指代人，其先行词通常是表示人的名词或代词。
Do you know the person
who is reading under the tree 你认识在树下看书的那个人吗
Two of the students
who I taught were admitted to the Peking University. 我教的两个学生被北京大学录取了。
②
whom
的用法
whom
在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语，指代人，通常可以省略。一般可以由who
或that
代替。
She is a student
whom the teacher likes very much. 她是一个老师很喜欢的学生。
She is a good listener
whom I enjoy sharing moments of my life with. 她是一个很好的倾听者，我喜欢和她一起分享我的生活。
She is a good listener
with whom I enjoy sharing moments of my life.
重点提示：在介词+whom
结构中，whom
不可以由who
或that
代替。
③
that
的用法
that
既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做主语，宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。指人时可以相当于who
或whom
，指物时相当于which
。
The digital age also enables us to find people
that share our interests. 数字时代也使我们能够找到和我们有共同兴趣的人。
Nowadays, we can move around the world and still in touch with the people
that we want to remain friends with. 如今，我们可以周游世界，但仍然与我们想要保持朋友关系的人保持联系。
What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters
that took ages to be delivered 如果从远方的朋友那里获得消息的唯一途径是写信，而这些信要花很长时间才能送到呢
④
which
的用法
which
一般用来指物，不用来指人，先行词是指物的名词或代词。在定语从句中做主语，宾语，很多情况下可用that
代替，作宾语时可以省略。有时which
在定语从句中也作定语。
He was on the bus
which left just now. 他在刚才开走的公共汽车上。
Where's the book
which I bought last week 我上周买的那本书在哪里
It may have a heavy rain tomorrow, in
which case we will not go camping. 明天可能有大雨，那样的话我们就不去露营了。
which
引导的定语从句的先行词还可以是前面的整个句子，此时which
引导的定语从句是非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句分开。
He didn't pass the exam
, which made his mother very angry. 他没有通过考试，这使他的母亲很生气。
⑤
whose
的用法
whose
在定语从句中作定语，既可以指代人，也可以指代物。
I knew the boy
whose bike was stolen. 我认识那个自行车被偷的男孩。
Rescue workers built shelters for survivors
whose homes had been destroyed. 救援人员为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。
Please pass me the book
whose cover is red. 请把那本封面是红色的书递给我。
当whose
指代物时，whose
可以用of which
代替。
Please pass me the book
of which
the cover is red.
Please pass me the book
the cover of which is red.
⑥
as
的用法
as
在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语，常用于以下句型中：the same…as, such…as, so…as
。
I have
the same book
as you have. 我有和你一样的书。
特别提示：注意区分the same…as
和the same…that
the same…as
表示相似性，而the same…that
表示同一性
That is
the same book
that I’m looking for. 那就是我正在找的那本书。
No one believed
such an accident
as had happened would take place in the church. 谁也不相信教堂会发生这样的意外。
It was
so shocking an event
as can be believed by nobody. 这是一个令人震惊的事件，谁也不可能相信。
在非限制性定语从句中，as
可以指代整个句子的内容，用逗号与主句隔开，位置很灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。
As we all know, doing sports is good for our health. 众所周知，做运动对我们的健康有好处。
The situation,
as can be seen from the table, has changed greatly. 从表格中可以看出，情况有很大变化。
⑦
介词+
关系代词的用法
介词+
关系代词结构中，常用形式的有：介词+whom
，介词+which
，介词+whose
，介词+where
。在定语从句中作状语。
These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,
to whom Guangxi is home. 这些梯田是当地壮族和瑶族人建造的，广西是他们的家乡。
Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas
in which they could grow rice. 因此，建造梯田意味着他们可以增加种植水稻的面积。
I like the famous writer,
from whose books I have learned a lot. 我喜欢那位著名的作家，从他的书中我学到了很多。
We stood on the top of the hill,
from where we can the whole town. 我们站在山顶上，从那里我们可以看到整个城镇。
在介词+
关系代词结构中，在介词前面可以加代词，名词，数词，形容词的比较级，最高级，短语等。
He has two sons,
both of whom are soldiers. 他有两个儿子，都是军人。
We have 50 students in our class,
32 of whom are boys. 我们班有50个学生，其中32个是男孩。
There are many rivers in China,
the longest of which is the Yangtze River. 中国有许多河流，其中最长的是长江。
介词+
关系代词结构中，介词的选择，可以根据有以下几种情况：根据先行词的需要确定介词；根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配确定介词；根据句意的需要确定介词。
This is the school
in which I taught for 30 years. 这就是我教了30年书的学校。
The book
for which he paid 20 dollars was lost yesterday. 他花20美元买的那本书昨天丢了。
Mary,
with whom I went to the concert last night, is my best friend.玛丽是我的好朋友，昨晚我们一起去听音乐会了。
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