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DBA技术分享-MySQL外键查询语句

2022-06-30 18:00 · 头闻号数据库

一、概述

作为DBA分享几个工作中关于外键的常用查询。具体如下 :

二、相关SQL

1、查询用户数据库(模式)中定义的外键约束

select concat(fks.constraint_schema, '.', fks.table_name) as foreign_table,
'->' as rel,
concat(fks.unique_constraint_schema, '.', fks.referenced_table_name)
as primary_table,
fks.constraint_name,
group_concat(kcu.column_name
order by position_in_unique_constraint separator ', ')
as fk_columns
from information_schema.referential_constraints fks
join information_schema.key_column_usage kcu
on fks.constraint_schema = kcu.table_schema
and fks.table_name = kcu.table_name
and fks.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
-- where fks.constraint_schema = 'database name'
group by fks.constraint_schema,
fks.table_name,
fks.unique_constraint_schema,
fks.referenced_table_name,
fks.constraint_name
order by fks.constraint_schema,
fks.table_name;

注意:如果您需要特定数据库(模式)的信息,请取消注释 where 子句并提供您的数据库名称。

2、查询所有引用具有外键的特定的表。

select distinct concat(table_schema, '.', table_name) as foreign_table,
'>-' as rel,
concat(referenced_table_schema, '.', referenced_table_name)
as primary_table
from information_schema.key_column_usage
where referenced_table_name = 'table name' -- provide table name here
-- and table_schema = 'database name'
order by foreign_table;

说明:

3、查询没有外键的表

select tab.table_schema as database_name,
tab.table_name,
'>- no FKs' as foreign_keys
from information_schema.tables tab
left join information_schema.table_constraints fks
on fks.table_schema = tab.table_schema
and fks.table_name = tab.table_name
and fks.constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY'
where tab.table_type = 'base TABLE'
and tab.table_schema not in ('mysql', 'information_schema',
'performance_schema', 'sys')
and fks.table_name is null
-- and tab.table_schema = 'your database name'
order by tab.table_schema,
tab.table_name;

说明:

4、查找没有关系的表 - Loner Tables

select 'No FKs >-' as refs,
concat(tab.table_schema, '.', tab.table_name) as 'table',
'>- no FKs' as fks
from information_schema.tables tab
left join information_schema.referential_constraints ref
on tab.table_schema = ref.constraint_schema
and tab.table_name = ref.table_name
left join information_schema.referential_constraints ref_by
on tab.table_schema = ref_by.unique_constraint_schema
and tab.table_name = ref_by.referenced_table_name
where ref.constraint_name is null
and ref_by.constraint_name is null
and tab.table_type = 'base TABLE'
and tab.table_schema not in ('mysql', 'information_schema',
'performance_schema', 'sys')
-- and tab.table_schema = 'your database name'
order by tab.table_schema,
tab.table_name;

说明:

5、MySQL 数据库中没有关系表的比率

select all_tables as table_count,
no_rel as loner_tables,
concat(cast(100.0*(no_rel/all_tables) as decimal(5,2)), '%')
as loner_ratio
from
(select count(distinct concat(tab.table_schema, '.', tab.table_name))
as all_tables,
SUM(case when ref.constraint_name is null
and ref_by.constraint_name is null
then 1
else 0 end) as no_rel
from information_schema.tables tab
left join information_schema.referential_constraints ref
on tab.table_schema = ref.constraint_schema
and tab.table_name = ref.table_name
left join information_schema.referential_constraints ref_by
on tab.table_schema = ref_by.unique_constraint_schema
and tab.table_name = ref_by.referenced_table_name
where tab.table_type = 'base TABLE'
and tab.table_schema not in ('mysql', 'information_schema',
'sys', 'performance_schema')
) temp;

说明:

三、小结

mysql外键是我们工作中经常遇到的,这几个关于外键查询,可以帮忙提高数据库维护的效率。

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