机械类专业英语翻译

单个或双螺杆钻，由一个电动马达，或公羊由液压驱动，动力（通常用于钢和钛合金），油压（铝）或如在其他专门辊进程鼓内穿孔对于很多的材料生产的同时流。

有集中挤压形成的内部腔的方法。一种方法是使用空心坯，然后使用固定或浮动芯棒。心轴固定，也被称为德式，意味着它是把假茎块和集成。一个浮动的心轴，也被称为法国的类型，在插槽彩车在虚拟块对齐时，模具本身挤出。如果一个坚实的钢坯用作那么它必须首先由心轴刺穿，然后经由模具挤出的饲料原料。经特殊使用，以独立控制RAM的心轴。固体钢坯也可用于模具的蜘蛛，舷窗死亡或桥梁死亡。这些类型将所有模具在模具和有“腿”的举行地点的心轴芯。挤压过程中金属分腿和周围的流动，最终使产品熔接。

32 THE EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

32 实验途径

321 The Equipment

321 设备

A drawbench (Fig <2>) may be used to measure the force required in wire drawing 可以用一台冷拔机（图2）来测量拉丝所需的力。The workpiece, the rod passing through the die, has its front end, the narrow end, held by grips 把通过模具的工件（金属杆）的前端，即窄的一端，用夹具保持住。The grips are pulled by a hydraulic system - a cylinder with piston - or by other means 夹具由液压系统（一套带活塞的液压缸）或其他方法牵引。The force applied is transmitted through a load cell (Fig <3>) 施加的力通过一个负荷传感器传递（图3）。In a load cell strain gauges are applied to the tensile rod to produce a Wheatstone bridge in which the voltage differential, properly calibrated, provides a measure of the drawing force For details see Reference [1] 在负荷传感器中，应变规被加到拉伸杆上，以产生一个惠斯登电桥，其中被很好定标的电压差动就提供了拉丝力的量度。关于详细情况，参见文献1。

22 Recording of the Readings

22 读数的记录

The measure of drawing force is produced continuously on a recorder, or on an oscillograph as a function of grip displacement, ie, length of wire drawn 拉丝力的量度是作为夹具位移（即被拉金属丝的长度）的函数，在记录仪上或示波器上连续产生的。 Updated instrumentation may digitize the force vs displacement readings and record them on tape, disk, or other memory unit on a microcomputer 现代化的仪器可以使力和位移关系的读数数字化，并将它们记录到磁带、硬盘或微机的其他存储装置上。Figure <4> represents a record of a single run of a wire through a die 图4示出了金属丝单程通过模具的记录。With the application of motion to the hydraulic piston, the load on the wire rises; the steep slope of the curve, due to the elastic stretching of the system with increasing force, and other factors, such as the settling of the ridges of the grips biting into the workpiece, occurs before any wire is drawn through the die 随着向液压活塞施加运动，金属丝上的负荷就上升；在任何金属丝被拉丝通过模具之前就会发生以下现象，即曲线出现很陡的斜率，这是因为系统随着力的增加出现弹性伸长，以及其他因素的关系，这些因素包括夹具脊的固定咬入工件等。The peak of the curve is due to two factors 曲线的峰是由于两个因素。One comprises the inertia forces; the sudden application of force accelerates the wire from standstill to full speed in a short time 一个是惯性力；力的突然施加加快了金属丝在短时间内从静止到全速的速度。Another cause of the peak is that at standstill and slow speeds, friction is higher than friction at fully developed speeds 曲线峰的另一个起因是，在静止和低速下的磨擦要高于全速前进速度下的磨擦。As the inertia force subsides and friction reduces, the drawing force drops to its steady-state constant value for the constant speed drawing 随着惯性力的下降和磨擦的降低，拉丝力降到其恒速拉丝时的稳态恒定值。This measure of steady- state drawing force should ordinarily be taken as the force reading 稳态拉丝力的这一度量通常应被取作力的读数。When the drawing force is divided by the cross-section area of the wire emerging from the die, the result is the drawing stress for the specific combination of reduction, cone angle, and friction 当拉丝力除以从模具中出来的金属丝的横截面时，其结果就是缩小量、锥角和磨擦特定组合下的拉丝应力。