初中英语句型结构

基本句型一： S+V （主＋谓）

基本句型二： S+V+P （主＋谓＋表）

基本句型三： S+V+O （主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四： S+V+o+O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

基本句型五： S+V+O+C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

基本句型 一

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S+V （不及物动词）

1. The sun │was shining.

2. The moon │rose.

3. The universe │remains.

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.

5. Lucy and Mary │get up early every morning.

6. What he said │does not matter.

7. They │had talked for half an hour when I came in.

8. His parents │have worked in the factory for more than ten years.

基本句型 二

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

S+V（是系动词）+ P

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.

2. The dinner │smells │good.

3. He │fell │in love.

4. Everything │looks │different.

5. He │is growing │tall and strong.

6. The trouble │is │that they are short of money.

7. Our well │has gone │dry.

8. His face │turned │red.

附：

联系动词（link Verb）本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）

He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

基本句型 三

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

S+V（及物动词）+O

1. Who │knows │the answer?

2. She │smiled │her thanks.

3. He │has refused │to help them.

4. He │enjoys │reading.

5. They │ate │what was left over.

6. He │said │"Good morning."

7. I │want │to have a cup of tea.

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken.

基本句型 四

此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。

通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。

S +V（及物）+o（多指人）+O（多指物）

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.

2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.

3. He │brought │you │a dictionary.

4. He │denies │her │nothing.

5. I │showed │him │my pictures.

6. I │gave │my car │a wash.

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late.

8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.

基本句型 五

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

S+V（及物）+O（宾语）+C（宾补）

1. They │appointed │him │manager.

2. They │painted │the door │green.

3. This │set │them │thinking.

4. They │found │the house │deserted.

5. What │makes │him │think so?

6. We │saw │him │out.

7. He │asked │me │to come back soon.

8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例：

We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。

不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：

He's getting angry. (S V C)

He got through the window. (S V M)

You'll get a surprise. (S V O)

He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)

He got himself into trouble. (S V O M)

He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)

在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:

I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。（S V O M）

I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）

I have to do something. 我得做点事。

I have something to do. 我有点事做。

初中英语七种基本句型

初中英语写作中常用的句型

　英语句型其实也是英语的语法，下面是我整理的初中英语写作句型，希望能帮到大家!

　... as ... as possible / ... as ... as sb can

　I hope to see him as soon as possible. 我希望能尽快见到他。

　He ran here as fast as he could. 他尽最大努力跑到这儿。

　practise / enjoy / finish doing

　A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green. 一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。

　Tom enjoys playing football very much. 汤姆很喜欢踢足球。

　He finished reading the story book. 他看完了那本故事书。

　It?s said that ...

　It?s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark. 据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。

　Not all / everyone ...

　Not all sharks are alike. 并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。

　Not everyone likes dumplings. 并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。

　Help oneself to...

　Help yourself to some fish. 吃鱼吧!

　used to do

　I used to read this kind of story books. 我过去常读这种故事书。

　borrow ... from

　I borrowed a Qisu English book from him. 我从他那借了一本奇速英语书。

　lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.

　He lent me a story book / He lent a story book to me. 他借了本故事书给我。

　have been to

　Have you ever been to Haw aii?你曾去过夏威夷吗?

　have gone to

　Where?s he?He?s gone to Washington. 他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。

　be famous for

　Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。

　No matter +疑问句+主句

　No matter when you come，you are welcomed. 无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。

　be afraid(of / todo / that...)

　I?m afraid not. 恐怕不能。

　Don?t be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。

　He?s afraid to go out at night. 晚上他不敢出去。

　I?m afraid that he can?t come here tomorrow. 恐怕他明天不能来这儿。

　be based on

　His argument is based on facts. 他的论断是以事实为根据的。

　... so that ...

　Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. 把树放入洞穴中，让它立直。

　be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...

　The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long. 绿色长城长7000公里。

　The river is about 2 metres deep. 这条河大约有2米深。

　The boy is about 12 years old . 这个男孩约12岁。

　keep ... from doing

　The heavy rain kept us from starting out. 大雨阻止了我们出发。

　with one?s help...

　With Tom?s help，I?ve come to America to study further. 在汤姆的帮助下，我来到美国深造。

　I don?t think ...

　I don?t think any of them is interesting. 我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。

　What?s the population of ...?

　What?s the population of Germany ?德国的人口有多少?

　prefer to do ? rather than do

　They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it. 他们更喜欢买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它。

　be worth (doing) ?

　This book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。

　regard ? as

　They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他们把宠物视为家庭成员。

　be confident of

　I?m confident of success. 我确信会成功。

　seem to do / seem +adj. / (介词短语)

　He seems to be angry. 他似乎生气了。

　The house seems too noisy. 这房子似乎太吵了。

　be angry with / about / at(doing)

　We?re all very angry with ourselves. 我们都很生自己的气。

　I was angry about his decision to build a factory here. 我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。

　I was angry at being kept waiting. 这样一直等我很生气。

　pay for / pay ? for

　He paid for the book and went away. 他付完书款便离开了。

　I paid him ￡200 for the painting. 买这幅画我付了他200英镑。

　There+be +主语+地点状语/ 时间状语

　There?s a boat in the river. 河里有条船。

　There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。

　What?s wrong with+sb. / sth. ?

　What?s wrong with you?你怎么啦?

　What?s wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病?

　How do you like...?

　How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?

　What do you like about...?

　What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的'什么?

　had better(not)+动词原形

　You?d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好去问问那边的那个警察。

　How+adj. / adv. +主语+谓语!

　What a/ an+adj. +n. +主语+谓语!

　How cold it is today !今天多冷啊!

　What a fine picture it is!多美的一幅图画呀!

　Thank+sb. +for(doing)sth.

　Thank you for coming to see me. 感谢你来看我。

　So+be/ 情态动词/ 助动词+主语

　He is a student. So am I. 他是一个学生，我也是。

　... not ... until ...

　He didn?t have supper until his parents came back. 直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。

　比较级+and+比较级

　The baby cried harder and harder. 那孩子哭得越来越厉害。

　the +比较级，the +比较级

　The more one has，the more one wants. 越有越贪。

　... as +adj./ adv.+as ...

　?not as(so) +adj. / adv. +as ...

　Do you think that art is as important as music?你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗?

　Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。

　more/ less +adj.+than...

　I think English is more useful than Japanese. 我认为英语比日语有用。

　I think art is less important than music. 我认为艺术不如音乐重要。

　stop?from doing sth.

　The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。

　both ... and ...

　Both you and I are students. 我和你都是学生。

　either ... or?

　Either you or he is wrong . 不是你错就是他错。

　neither ... nor ...

　Neither he nor I am a student. 我和他都不是学生。

　... as soon as ...

　As soon as I see him，I?ll give him the message. 我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他。

　... so+adj. / adv.+that ...

　I was so tired that I didn?t want to speak. 我累得连话也不想说了。

　Though...+主句

　Though I like writing to my pen-friend，it takes a lot of time. 虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。

　be going to

　This afternoon I?m going to buy a Qisu English book. 今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书。

　be different from

　I think this is different from Chinese names. 我认为这与汉语名字不同。

　Welcome(back)to...

　Welcome to Shenyang!欢迎到沈阳来!

　Welcome back to school!欢迎回到学校!

　have fun doing

　We?re going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。

　... because ... / ...，so ...

　I don?t know all your names because this is our first lesson. 因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。

　he was ill，so she didn?t go to school. 她生病了，因此没有上学。

　Why don?t you ... / Why not ...

　Why don?t you come to school a little earlier?为什么不早点到校呢?

　Why not join us? 为什么不加入我们?

　make it

　Let?s make it half past nine. 让我们定在九点半吧!

　have nothing to do

　They have nothing to do every day. 他们每天无所事事。

　be sure/ be sure of/ about sth. / be sure to do sb.

　I think so, but I?m not sure. 我想是这样，但不敢确定。

　I was not sure of / about the way，so I asked someone. 我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。

　It?s sure to rain. 必定会下雨。

　between ... and ...

　There is a shop between the hospital and the school. 在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。

　keep sb. / sth. +adj./ V-ing/ 介词补语/ adv.

　You must keep your classroom clean. 你们必须保持教室干净。

　Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等。

　Can you keep him in the room ?你能让他在这个房里吗?

　Keep them here. 让他们在这儿呆着。

　find +宾语+宾补

　He finds it very hard to travel around the big city . 他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。

　... not ... anymore/ longer

　The old man doesn?t travel any more. 这位老人不再旅行了。

　He isn?t a thief any longer. 他不再是个贼。

　What?s the weather like...?

　What?s the weather like in spring in your hometown ?在你们家乡春天天气怎么样?

　There is no time to do/ have no time to do

　There was no time to think. 没有时间思考。

　I have no time to go home for lunch. 我没有时间回家吃午饭。

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初中英语语法5大基本句型如下：

一： S V (主+谓)

二： S V P (主+系+表)

三： S V O (主+谓+宾)

四： S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五： S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

　基本句型 一：S V (主+谓)

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall,

cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry,

talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed,

stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:

It is raining now. (S V)