经典英语短文散文欣赏？

在世界市场形成和经济全球化程序快速发展的大背景下，作为全球通用性最强的语言--英语，在各国教育中的地位持续提升。本文是经典英语短文散文，希望对大家有帮助!

经典英语短文散文：私家车的利与弊

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Cars

Recently years, with the rapid development in our country, more and more people own their private cars. Some people think that private cars should be restricted, while others think that private cars should be encouraged. As far as I concern, I think owning a private car has both advantages and disadvantages.

最近几年，随着我国经济的快速发展，越来越多的人们拥有私家车。一些人认为应该禁止私家车，而一些人认为对其应该鼓励。就我看来，私家车有利有弊。

On one hand, private cars do bring the owners convenience and fortable. If you have a car, you don’t need to take the bus or subway to work. You can image how crowded and slow when you get on a bus, especially during the rush hours. With your own car, you just don’t need to worry about this problem. What’s more, you can go to any places at any moment with your private car. Traveling by car is very fortable and flexible. You can stop as you pleased and don’t need to worry about others feeling. I guess this is the biggest advantages of private cars.

一方面，私家车给车主们提供了方便和舒适。如果你有了车，就不用搭乘公车或者挤地铁上班了。你可以想象在上下班高峰期公车上是多么的拥挤，速度是多么的慢。有了车，你就不必担心这个问题了。更棒的是，你随时可以开着你的车到任何地方去。开着私家车去旅游方便又灵活。你想停就停，不用担心其他乘客的感受。我想，这就是私家车最大的好处吧。

On the other hand, the disadvantages of private cars are obvious. The noises that produce by cars are unbearable, the exhaust gas that cars give off are bad for people’s health. With countless cars on the street, people find it bees harder to find a parking spot. What’s worse, tens of thousands people are killed or injured in the traffic accidents.

另一方面，私家车的缺点也显而易见。车子发出的噪音难以忍受，排出的尾气也对人的身体有害。不计其数的车涌入街头，人们发现找位置停车比以前困难多了。更为糟糕的是，成千上万的人死于或者在车祸中受伤。

To sum up, private cars provide us with convenience as well as harm. Whether or not afford a private car depends on personal details.

总的来说，私家车带给我们方便的同时，也带来了伤害。至于是不是要购买私家车，取决于个人情况。

经典英语短文散文：纪律问题 Rules

Nowadays, some discussions about the children's education and management have raised the whole social concern. It seems not only about children's personal development, but also about the whole country's future.

现在,如何管教孩子的话题引起了社会各界的关注。这事似乎不仅关乎孩子的个人发展，同时还关乎整个国家的未来。

There are two main views in debate, which of them is that children should obey the rules set by parents and teachers. The other is that less control will help children to deal with their future *** life.

该话题的争论主要有两大观点。首先，孩子应该遵从家长和老师制定的规则。再者，少控制有利于孩子处理自己的未来生活。

As for the former, the advantages of it seem to be very apparent, which of them is that children can make a distinction between right and wrong things. And they will have a sense of principle and responsibility. Of course, the disadvantages are also very clear. Firstly, children will be lacking in imagination and creation. Secondly, they cannot make up their mind on their own.

前者的观点的优势很明显，他们认为孩子能够区别好的事情和坏的事情，而且他们会有一种纪律感和责任感。当然，劣势也很清楚。首先，孩子会变得缺乏想象创造力。其次，他们不会自己做决定。

Concerning the latter, the view seems to be reasonable because in this ways these children are more clever and active to create something special. However, the drawbacks couldn't be ignored as a result of a problem that children cannot get a clear understanding of their lifetime.

后者的观点似乎很有道理，因为在这样的管教方式下孩子会更加聪明，热爱创造。然而，缺点也不能忽视，因为会产生孩子对自己人生缺乏了解的情况。

bining the both points, as far as I'm concerned, parents and teachers are supposed to instruct children to obey the primary principle when they do some deeds. Moreover, children need more freedom to realize their dreams. only in this way can the problem be solved perfectly.

结合两者来看，我认为父母和老师应该指导孩子们在某些行为上遵守最基本的纪律。再则，孩子们应获得更多自由去实现梦想。我想这样就能圆满解决这事了。

In conclusion, we can't only support one side simply. On the contrary, we ought to choose different measures to educate children flexibly.

总之，我们不能只支援一方。相反地，我们应该选择不同的方式灵活教育孩子。

经典英语短文散文： How to Deal With Traffic Jam in Metropolis?

如何面对大城市堵车难题?

Nowadays, traffic jam is a growing worry for the residents in most metropolises, contributing to irritation of drivers and pedestrians. How to cope with this problem? Almost all local government in China is irritated by this problem. From my point of view, it’s evident that we should pay more attention to this issue and any country or city which turns a blind eye to this issue will pay a heavy cost.

如今，大城市交通拥堵正成为大都市居民日益担心的问题，也令司机和行人感到焦虑与愤怒。如何面对这一难题?这个问题正在让几乎中国各地 *** 焦急。在我看来，很明显我们需要更多地关注这一问题，任何一个忽视这一问题的国家和城市都将付出惨重的代价。

In order to deal with this conundrum in the essence, firstly, I am firmly convinced that regulations that ban the abuse of private car must be taken into action. Personally, each family ought to have less than 3 cars, the individual who doesn’t abide by the rules must be punished or charged more taxation.

为了从本质上解决这一个问题，首先，我坚定地认为应该出台一个规定来限制私家车过度使用问题。我个人认为每个家庭最多拥有3辆汽车，任何一个不遵守这一规定的个人都将受到惩罚或是被征收更多的税款。

Additionally, the infrastructure also serves as a linchpin. Without roads and streets of high quality, the city’s transportation system will easily paralyzed during rush hours. Therefore, government should fix time and energy on the construction of infrastructure with high quality.

另外，基础设施的建设也是一个关键。如果没有高质量的公路和街道，城市的交通系统就会在交通高峰期很容易瘫痪。所以， *** 应当在建设高质量基础设施上下大工夫，花更多时间。

What’s more important, since this conundrum will not solved in a short period of time, it’s necessary for all drivers and pedestrians to have a good attitude towards traffic jam when traffic piles up. Great methods such as listening to the music, can readily relieve the anger and anxiety of drivers and pedestrians.

更重要的是，因为这一难题不会在短时间内得以解决，有必要让每一位司机或者行人在交通堵塞时保持一个良好的心态。一些好的方法诸如听听音乐，享受电台广播或者是和乘客聊天都易于缓解司机和行人的焦虑和愤怒。

With the cooperation of both government and individuals, we may finally get over this trouble with our perseverance, confidence and fortitude.

有了 *** 和个人的合作，我们一定会凭借我们坚持不懈的毅力和信心战胜这一问题。

英语散文的分类

散文是指以文字为创作、审美对象的文学艺术体裁，是文学中的一种体裁形式。下面我带来的是优美的英语散文带翻译，希望对你有帮助。

　到了农历的年末，城市的超市里挂满了玲珑华美的红灯笼，玻璃橱窗上也贴上了各式花样的剪纸，这些都是年的符号，也是年的名片。我内心深藏的年味儿犹如一只脆弱不堪的老酒坛被这些符号与名片猛然击碎，老酒倾泻满地，浓郁醇厚的味道漫然飘散。

　By the end of the lunar calendar, the supermarket in the city was full of exquisite red lanterns, and all kinds of paper-cut were also displayed on the glass windows, which are the symbols of the year, and also the business cards of the year. I am deeply in taste like a fragile old jars were these symbols and name card suddenly shattered, pouring wine with rich mellow taste ran away.

　我小的时候，盼望着过年。从农历的腊月二十三开始，接下来的每一天似乎都是色彩斑斓的，都散发着温馨绵厚的香味儿。村里的老婆婆坐在厚厚的蒲团上教我们唱着童谣：“二十三，祭灶官；二十四，扫房子；二十五，磨豆腐；二十六，蒸馒头；二十七，杀只鸡；二十八，贴画画；二十九，去买酒；年三十，包饺子；大初一，撅着屁股乱作揖。”这首童谣像是我们村里人的过年指南，农历二十三的时候就吃灶糖、祭灶神，二十四的时候就忙着用笤帚打扫屋子，二十五的时候就准备过年吃的豆腐，二十六的时候家家户户蒸枣花馒头、蒸萝卜缨包子……千百年来，太阳沿着亘古不变的轨迹东升西落；冬去春来，人们世世代代遵循着这样的过年流程过年。

　When I was young, I looked forward to the new year. From the twenty-three to the twelfth lunar month lunar, every day seemed to be colorful, exudes the fragrance of sweet thick cotton. In the village the old lady sitting on the futon on the thick teach us singing nursery rhymes: "twenty-three people, officer; twenty-four, twenty-five, and sweep the house; grinding tofu; twenty-six, twenty-seven, Steamed Buns steamed; kill chickens; twenty-eight, paste painting; twenty-nine, to buy wine; thirty years, the first large package dumplings; Juezhaopigu, chaos and bow." This nursery rhyme like Chinese new year we guide people in the village, when the lunar twenty-three eat candy, Jizao God twenty-four of the time, she was busy with a broom to clean the house, twenty-five of the time for the new year to eat tofu, twenty-six when steamed flower, every family Steamed Buns steamed turnip tassel buns...... For thousands of years, the sun has risen to the west along the eternal path, and in the spring of winter, people have followed such a new year for the past year.

　腊月二十三是小年，也叫祭灶日，这一天也是我的故乡鲁湾逢集的日子。集市上人山人海，热闹沸腾。我紧跟着父母，看到卖灶糖的嚷着要买灶糖，看到卖鞭炮的嚷着要买鞭炮，看到卖苹果的就嚷着要买苹果……父母一一应允，还会给我买崭新的袜子、鞋子、帽子和衣裳，从头到脚让我焕然一新。父母平时省吃俭用，一分钱掰成两半花。他们平时不肯买水果，不肯买猪肉，不肯买衣裳，到过年的时候却显得慷慨大方。赶集回家的时候，我们像一只只袋鼠抱着大包小包的年货，跌跌撞撞走在回家的路上。我的父母一年四季在农田里忙碌，只有到过年的时候他们才好好享受几天好日子。他们也总是把最好的东西给孩子。

　The twenty-three is the twelfth lunar month small, also called on the people, this day is also my hometown of Lu Wan market day day. The bazaar was crowed with crowds of people. I followed my parents, see the candy seller clamoring to buy candy, see selling firecrackers clamoring to buy firecrackers, see Apple clamoring to buy apple...... My parents agreed and bought me new socks, shoes, hats and clothes, and made me new from head to toe. Parents usually live frugally, pennies. They usually do not buy fruit, do not buy pork, do not buy clothes, and be generous to the new year. When we go home, just like a kangaroo carrying large bags of special purchases for the Spring Festival on the way home, stumbled. My parents are busy in the fields all the year round, and only by the time of the new year they enjoy a few good days. They always give the best to their children.

　我们这一群疯孩子从小卖铺里买来麻雷子、拉炮、摔炮装在口袋里，在村巷里跑着玩耍，随手将一个摔炮摔在地面上，噼啪一声锐响，吓得鸡飞狗跳。我们玩累了，就在街上挖几个小圆坑，玩弹玻璃球的游戏。至今我已经忘记了玻璃球游戏的规则，但是记得自己输了就将玻璃球送给赢了这场游戏的小伙伴。长大了之后，我发现成人的世界有很多充满玄机的游戏，比儿童的这种游戏更残酷，更深刻。一旦我们在游戏中失败，输掉的不会是玻璃球这么微不足道的东西，可能是长年累月的心血，甚至是所有的自由与幸福。

　We are a group of crazy kids to sell this shop to buy guns, guns, pull large firecracker fell in my pocket, playing in the Village Lane ran, a gun will readily fall down on the ground, the sound of a sharp crackling sound, scared the general turmoil. We were tired and dug some small pits in the street and played a game of glass balls. So far, I have forgotten the rules of the glass ball game, but remember that I lost the glass ball to the small partner who won the game. When I grew up, I found that there were many mysterious games in the adult world, which were more brutal and deeper than the children's games. If we fail in the game, losing is not the glass ball so not worth mentioning things may be even Months and years pass by. effort, freedom and happiness for all.

　大年三十那天下午我们一家人坐在厨房包饺子。母亲和面、擀面皮。哥哥烧火。父亲和我坐在馅盆前包饺子。哥哥看着我包的饺子大笑，说我包的饺子有的像死鱼，有的像肥猪，有的像笨鸭子，丑极了。父亲从口袋里掏出一枚一分的硬币，然后包进饺子里，说：“今晚谁吃着这个饺子，谁就最有福气！”天擦黑的时候，此起彼落的鞭炮轰炸着村庄，空气里弥漫着丝丝缕缕火药味儿。母亲将包好的饺子下到沸水咕嘟咕嘟的锅里。父亲用铁锨在院子里撒下一层沙土。那些沙土是农历二十五用拖拉机从村头的沙岗上拉回来的，弥散着一丝丝清新淳美的'气味。至今我也琢磨不透大年三十村里人在院子里撒下一层沙土的奥妙，大概是除旧迎新、接福纳祥的寓意。我踩在新鲜湿润的沙土上，将一挂红红的鞭炮用竹竿挑起。哥哥从灶膛里取出一根火棍将鞭炮点燃。一阵噼里啪啦的炮响之后，母亲已经将一个个冒着热气和香味儿的饺子盛到了白瓷碗里。一碗碗猪肉白菜馅饺子蘸着老醋，就是我们一家人的年夜饭。吃过年夜饭之后，母亲总是烧开一锅热水。一家人坐在木凳上将脚伸进一只大铁盆里用热水洗脚，边洗脚边说笑。母亲说大年夜洗脚能够洗掉一年的灾病邪祟和祸患困厄。新的一年一定会添福添寿、吉祥平安。母亲还会向我和哥哥的口袋里塞几张崭新的钞票。她说不管大人或小孩子，在辞旧迎新的时候口袋里都应该有钱，这样一年到头都不缺钱花，大家都会有富庶优裕的好日子过。现在想来，从前的年更像是勾画美好生活的仪式。

　Our family sat in the kitchen to make dumplings on the afternoon of the thirty day of the year. The mother and the surface, Ganmian skin. A brother. My father and I sat in front of the pot to make dumplings. My brother looked at me and laughed at the dumplings, and said that some of the dumplings I made were like dead fish, some like a fat pig, some like a dumb duck, so ugly. The father took a one - cent coin out of his pocket and wrapped it into the dumplings and said, "whoever eats this dumpling tonight is the most blessed one." When dusk, firecrackers bombed the village as one falls, another rises, the air was filled with the smell of gunpowder Cecil strands. The mother wrapped dumplings into the boiling water bubbling in the pot. Father with a shovel and a layer of sand in the yard. The sand is the lunar twenty-five tractors from the village of Sha Gang pull back a little bit, dispersion fresh smell atsumi. I have been puzzling over on the thirty people in the village and a layer of sand. In the yard, probably meaning except new year, blessings and fortunes. I stepped on the fresh and moist sand and picked up a red red firecracker with a bamboo pole. Brother from zaotang took a stick to fire lit firecrackers. After a burst of crackling cannons, the mother has a steaming and smell dumplings filled to a white porcelain bowl. A bowl of pork, pork, cabbage and dumplings are dipped in the old vinegar, which is the annual dinner of our family. After the new year's night dinner, the mother always burned a pot of hot water. One family sat on the bench on the foot into an iron bowl with hot feet, feet side side and laughing. The mother said to wash feet a year on New Year's Eve: evil and evil distress. The new year will add to your happiness and your longevity, peace and prosperity. The mother will also put a few new bills in the pocket of me and my brother. She said that whether adults or children, when the old pocket should be rich, so all the year round does not spend money, we will have a good day off too rich. The past year is more like a ritual of delineation of a good life.

　大年初一的早上我们不能懒床，要早早起床，并且要自觉醒来，家长不能喊醒我们。天蒙蒙亮的时候村里的鞭炮声如同雷震。我惊醒之后一骨碌从被窝里爬起来，揉揉双眼从父亲的香烟盒子里抽出一支香烟噙在嘴边，开门挑起一挂长长的鞭炮，用烟头引燃鞭炮，随后一阵鞭炮声，烟雾腾起，浓烈的炮药味儿在院子里弥漫。吃过早饭之后，大人们三五成群去给家族的长者拜年，要磕头作揖。我和小伙伴们无拘无束地玩耍，拿着压岁钱到小卖铺换成了玻璃球、泡泡糖和鞭炮。

　We can't be lazy in the morning of the first year of the year. We should get up early and wake up consciously, and parents can't wake us up. When the dawn of the village of firecrackers like thunder. I woke up from the bed, his eyes pulled out a cigarette from the cigarette box in her father's door hanging in the mouth, provoked a long firecrackers, with a cigarette igniting firecrackers, then a burst of firecrackers, smoke free, strong smell of gunpowder in the yard diffuse. After breakfast, they go to the family of the elderly in knots with kowtow to pay New Year's call. My friends and I played in a free way, carrying money to the shop for glass balls, bubble gum and firecrackers.

　一年又一年悄无声息地过去。年像是一个小伙伴，一只手拿着欢乐有趣的玩具，另一只掂着饕餮美食，大声召唤着我们，让我们心驰神往。我们渐渐地长大，年像是伴随着我们成长。它由一个活泼淘气的孩子变成彬彬有礼的少年，在岁月更替里又变成了深沉稳重的青年。年不会再像从前一样和我们一起玩鞭炮游戏，不会再像从前一样和我们一起偷吃食物，不会再像从前一样和我们一起奇思妙想……

　Year after year silently past. Years like a buddy, a hand holding a fun toy, another Dianzhe gluttonous delicacy beckons us, loudly, fascinated us. As we grow up, the year looks like we grow up. It turned into a well - mannered teenager from a lively and naughty child and became a deep and stable youth in the years' change. Would not like before and we play firecrackers game, not like before eating food with us, and we will never be the same again with whimsy......

　我独坐在沙发上回味着被岁月冲淡的年味儿。我似乎闻到了灶糖的甜香，闻到了枣花馒头的香味儿，闻到了煮猪肉的浓香，闻到了猪肉白菜馅饺子的美味儿，闻到了鞭炮的气味儿……

　I sit on the sofa pondering over the years in taste or. I seem to smell the sweet smell of flower candy, Steamed Buns smell smell, smell the aroma of cooked pork, pork and cabbage dumplings delicious, smell the smell of firecrackers......

任何文学形式在其起源与发展过程中，都会派生出各种不同种类，各种类间难免或相互抵毁或相护影响或相互结合。文学形式还受社会、政治、宗教和文学运动的影响。站在二十世纪这一有利地势回首，文学史学家领我们辨识，按叙述方式、语气和风格分类，散文的两大较为清晰的倾向，较为随意的文体（primarily informal）和较为正式的文体（primarily formal），都来自其原始起源——观察性评论（observations）。较为随意的文体包括个性散文（Personal Essay 或称 Familliar Essay），性格特写（Characters），描写散文（Descriptive Essay）。较为正式的文体包括批评散文（Critical Essay），科学散文（Scientific Essay），哲学或思辨散文（Philosophical Essay 或称 Reflective Essay）。

　观察性评论 （Observations）是现代散文的雏形，它以谚语、格言、警句或日记和日志的形式，就人、物、事件、自然现象、书藉、艺术作品、个人经历、风俗习惯和思维方式等，作单纯的观察性评论；或.以某一个思想或情绪为主线，串联出一个相关的整体。

　较为随意文体（primarily informal）随意文体之一的个性散文展示作家的个性魅力，作家以自己具体的经历表现感情、智慧和精神。

　培根和艾迪生虽然也能算在个性散文的范畴之列，但他们的散文显然在精神、目的和风格上与兰姆和哈兹里特的散文炯然有异。培根基本上是“智慧型”作品的继续——对生活行为的格言式忠告。艾迪生的“报章散文”（Periodical Essay）（他与人合办《闲话报》和《观察家报》，并亲自为这两张报纸撰写了三百多篇散文），个性痕迹不深，他的众多作品，读者常常很难一眼读出作者。但读兰姆就如和一个熟识的老朋友在聊天，他以伊利亚为笔名给《伦敦杂志》撰写了许多散文，后结集《伊利亚随笔集》出版，文中称自己是伊利亚，姐姐玛丽为表姐布里奇特，但明眼的读者一眼便读出那是作者自己朴素寻常的生活，深刻的情感体验。

　个性散文的亲近感并不完全始于兰姆，我们在一些十七世纪作家，如威廉?坦普尔（Sir William Temple ）和塞缪尔?佩皮斯 （Samuel Pepys）的作品中已能找到它的基本特征，比如佩皮斯的“日记”，虽本不是写给读者，虽以不成形的日常条目写就，但它已较圆满地体现了个性散文的精神。

　十八世纪的报章杂志，通过玛丽夫人（Lady Mary），沃特利?蒙塔古（Wortley Montagu），切斯特菲尔德爵士（ Lord Chesterfield），霍勒斯?沃波尔（ Horace Walpole） 等富有个性的书信促进了个性散文的精神，为散文的传播与繁荣作出了特殊的贡献。

　十九世纪兰姆、哈兹里特和史蒂文森的出现，使个性散文的发展达到了高潮。这发展受很多因素的影响，比如个人主义时代的到来，比如杂志的流行需求更长、更个性化的文章，比如对蒙田兴趣的再度兴起，以及兰姆、哈兹里特这样的散文大家的出现，为大家提供了可资效仿的对象。兰姆的散文虽然在风格和方式上过于个性化，很难模仿，但他却是英国欢迎的散文家。蒙田之后整整一个世纪的哈兹里特，和蒙田一样，成了个性化散文的临摹对象，众多追随者和模仿者的楷模和灵感。

　性格特写是描写某一人物类型的短文。

　早在公元前四世纪古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的弟子泰弗拉斯托斯（Theophrastus）概述了人的28种德性，用典型的类型阐释了刻薄、贪婪、乡气、愚蠢等抽象概念。1592年一位学者将这些“性格特写”从希腊文译成当时人们较为熟悉的拉丁文后，它们逐渐成为十七世纪英国“性格特写”者竟相模仿的对象。这些“性格特写”描述的对象没名没姓没个性，只是代表各种不同的品质或不同类型。

　在此之后的法国作家将这一概念深化和细化了，他们的人物有名有姓（虽然还带有希腊或拉丁名字的渊源，但已暗示出一些个性的东西），文中具体细节的描写，让人感觉这些人物即属于某一类型，同时也具有一定的真实性，富有一定的个性色彩。“Les Caracteres”（1688）在英国开始流传，并于1699年译成英文。

　十八世纪英国的报章杂志甚至给这类典型人物创造俱乐部，“性格特写”有了充分展示这些典型人物的空间。一开始这些俱乐部里的人物都很概念化，比如，参加《旁观者》（Spectator，斯梯尔和艾狄生在1711—1712年间出版的一种报纸）俱乐部的军官先特里上尉，商贾安德列?忽里波特爵士，乡绅罗杰?地?考夫来爵士，每一个人都具有一定的性格、仪态和独特的言语风格。但这没维持多久，罗杰?地?考夫来爵士很快超出了给他预定的范围，成了文学中最可爱的人物之一。性格特写运动除散文之外，在小说、戏剧和部分诗歌中也得以继续。十八世纪的文学专注于人物类型描写，这些类型，很多因为塑造得形象深动而成了英语语言中秀的艺术创造，比如托比叔叔（Uncle Toby，十八世纪英国小说家L. 斯特恩的小说《项狄传》中人物），帕森?亚当斯（Parson Adams，H. 菲尔丁小说《约瑟夫?安德鲁斯》人物）和普里木罗斯博士（Dr. Primrose，O. 哥尔德斯密斯小说《威克菲尔德的牧师》中人物）。

　描写散文（Descriptive Essay）指作家对外部世界精彩的个性化描写，它往往不仅仅是单纯的写景文字，它更融注了作者的个人情怀，情景交融，物我合一。比如，艾迪生的《西敏寺漫游》、艾丽丝?梅内尔的《七月》。

　较为正式文体（Primarily Formal） 正式文体一说似乎与散文这一形式自相矛盾，因为散文的基本特征就在它的随意与自由。

　然而区别只是程度上的，不是类别上的，较为正式的散文不是另外一种形式的作品，只是与个性化散文相比，少了一点主观，少了一点随意，多了一点更纯粹的阐释与说明。他对生活的批评性审视多于对生活的个性反应。批评性散文通过仔细审读文学，传记与历史散文通过公正评价人物与事件， 科学散文通过呈现科学观察结果，哲学和思辨散文通过洞悉世事、呈现思想结晶，尽情展示这一文体的风采。

　写较为正式文体的散文家也许会评价自己最喜欢的诗人， 他通常以较为谨慎的评家之态而非澎湃的狂热者身份发言。吴尔夫称自己收了很多这类散文的《普通读者》是“一本并非专业性的评论著作；只是从一个作家的角度，而非从一个学者或批评家的角度，来谈一谈自己偶然读到的某些人物传记和作品。作为一个小说家，我自然常常会对某一本书发生兴趣，但我也常常为了自娱而随意读一读、写一写，并不想建立什么理论体系。”早在《旁观者》和《漫谈者》（ Rambler，塞缪尔?约翰逊在1750—52年间主编的一种杂志）里，比较复杂的批评性和哲学性散文就已开始出现。十九世纪的批评性评论使得这一文体得以充分发展。这是一个人们对宗教信仰开始质疑的时代，约翰?亨利?纽曼（John Henry Newman） 和马修?阿诺德（Matthew Arnold）有关神学的作品对此尽有表述；这是一个科学发展的时期，托马斯?亨利?赫胥黎（Thomas Henry Huxley）的散文让科学也充满了文彩；这是一个文学动荡、个性发扬的阶段，浪漫派反击正统派，倡导文学评价新标准；这是一个充满社会和经济变革的时代，政府、教育、社会制度、公共伦理，人们渴盼新理论新思想的出现。正式散文如鱼得水，尽情畅抒己见，表述究竟，它不再仅仅局限于个人感受的交流，它开始关注大是大非问题的阐述和论战，比如马修?阿诺德的《英国民族的精神》，托马斯?亨利?赫胥黎的《开明教育》。

　想了解文学的“现代”特征吗？你在众多作家的文学散文中一定能找到它的阐释。

　和培根时代一样，现代散文关注人，关注人的外延行为与内省心灵，无论其风格上是随意的个性化还是正式的阐释式。